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Does conversion of home to rental make it a business =

Posted: Mon Mar 12, 2012 10:24 am
by Yahoo Bot

Persumably by stating valuation motion you are referring to use of 506 to determine secured status of the home loan claim. This relates to characterization of the debt for purposes of whether 1322(b)(2) prohibits use of 506 where the claim is secured only by debtor's primary residence. The operative determination therein is "debtor's primary residence"
The subject heading for this thread relates to characterization of the debt for purposes of 707(b) where the operative determinatin is consumer versus non-consumer debt.
These are two entirely different issues.
Peter M. Lively, JD, MBA
The Personal Financial Law Center
A-Bankruptcy-Attorney.com
Culver City (310) 391-2400
________________________________
To: cdcbaa@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Monday, March 12, 2012 8:21 AM
Subject: Re: [cdcbaa] Does conversion of home to rental make it a business case --ergo making 707(b) not applicable
I have been in front of Judge Zurzolo on this issue and the only question from him was: did the debtor live at the property for more than half of his time on the Petition Date? He made me file a declaration squarely addressing this and when my client submitted the declaration, he then granted a valuation motion for all claims.
Giovanni Orantes, Esq.
Orantes Law Firm, P.C.
3435 Wilshire Blvd. Suite 1980
Los Angeles, CA 90010
Tel: (213) 389-4362
Fax: (877) 789-5776
e-mail: go@gobklaw.com
website: www.gobklaw.com
WE ARE A "DEBT RELIEF AGENCY" AS DEFINED BY FEDERAL LAW.

The post was migrated from Yahoo.

Does conversion of home to rental make it a business =

Posted: Mon Mar 12, 2012 9:47 am
by Yahoo Bot

This seems confused.
Of course we all advocate for our clients best interests despite that minority view.
My understanding is that Lou's efforts were successful in persuaiding some judges that therental status of realpropertycan affect 1322(b)(2).
My statement that the origination of the debt controls its consumer versus non-consumer characteristic incorporates a reviewof the trust deed.
Please help me understand your comment by clarifying your reference to majority versus minority views.
Respectfully,
Peter
Peter M. Lively, JD, MBA
The Personal Financial Law Center
A-Bankruptcy-Attorney.com
Culver City (310) 391-2400
________________________________
To: "cdcbaa@yahoogroups.com"
Sent: Sunday, March 11, 2012 9:31 PM
Subject: Re: [cdcbaa] Does conversion of home to rental make it a business case --ergo making 707(b) not applicable
Peter's view is the majority view. We in CA are required to advocate for our clients, so we take the minority view when it is best for our clients. Lou Esbin has been our point man in the Central Distict for this issue. He convinced a few of the Valley judges that you must read the deed of trust to make a determination. Thanks Lou!
d
________________________________
To: "cdcbaa@yahoogroups.com"
Sent: Monday, March 5, 2012 11:12 AM
Subject: Re: [cdcbaa] Does conversion of home to rental make it a business case --ergo making 707(b) not applicable
The rental status of aformerdebtor's primary residencecan affect1322(b)(2). However, the characterization of the debt as consumer versus non-consumer is founded in the origination of the debt not the current use of the collateral.
Peter M. Lively, JD, MBA
The Personal Financial Law Center
A-Bankruptcy-Attorney.com
Culver City (310) 391-2400
________________________________
To: cdcbaa@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Monday, March 5, 2012 11:06 AM
Subject: Re: [cdcbaa] Does conversion of home to rental make it a business case --ergo making 707(b) not applicable
It is no longer the principal residence. Debtor had to rent it out because they could not afford it and was too far from business.
On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 10:59 AM, Giovanni Orantes wrote:
>
>I say it cannot be done if the property is still the principal residence (and not an income producingproperty)regardless of how the funds were used.
>
>
>On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 10:46 AM, Robert Lee wrote:
>
>
>>
>>So, in this case, its a hybrid. The original first mortgage was purchase money. The line of credit was obtained much later after equity was built up. The clients actually used the line of credit for business purposes [can be proven through transfers and such]. What say you ? We would be attempting to do a 506 motion to value and strip away a big portion of the 2nd and at the very least, cure the first.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 10:40 AM, Leventhal Law Group, P.C. wrote:
>>
>>
>>>
>>>Their has many many threads on this issue. It goes to the time the debt was incurred what was the purpose. I.e. business or personal use.
>>>
>>>
>>>Jonathan Leventhal, esq.
>>>Leventhal Law Group, P.C.
>>>818-347-5800
>>>
>>>On Mar 5, 2012, at 10:31 AM, "Robert Lee" wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>>Does anyone have any case law or statutory authority on this ? I can't seem to find much on this issue.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 7:40 AM, Leventhal Law Group, P.C. wrote:
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>No, Jonathan Leventhal, Esq.
Leventhal Law Group, P.C. 818-347-5800 ----- Original Message -----
To: "cdcbaa@yahoogroups.com"
Sent: 03/05/2012 7:12 AM
Subject: Re: [cdcbaa] Does conversion of home to rental make it a business case --ergo making 707(b) not applicable
>>>>>
>>>>>What if the debtor had to move out and rent out the home ? Does that convert it from a primary residence to a non-primary ?
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>On Sun, Mar 4, 2012 at 7:43 PM, Dennis wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>If the property you are describing is the debtor's residence, no can do.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>Sent from my iPhone
>>>>>>
>>>>>>On Mar 1, 2012, at 3:33 PM, Robert Lee wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>>I have a similar case, but for purposes of trying to lienstrip and cram down a mortgage. Clients obtained a large 2nd home equity line of credit. It is almost as large as their 1st mortgage. The value is not low enough to do a LAM motion in a 13. The 2nd line was used primarily to fund their business operations. I am wondering if I can use this to justify a Chapter 11 lien strip and cram down and reamortize the loan [assuming other requirements of Ch 11 requirements are met]. Also, their business is in LA County and home is in SFV. I would think filing in SFV would be better. Any sage words of advice ?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>On Thu, Mar 1, 2012 at 2:28 PM, Dennis wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>That is the position I take.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>D
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>Sent from my iPhone
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>On Mar 1, 2012, at 10:20 AM, "Steven B. Lever" wrote:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>Colleagues:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>I have a client who rented out their former residence and moved to a new residence they are renting. They will not pass the means test if Section 707(b) applies to them.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>If you include their mortgage on the residence-converted-to-rental, most of their debt is business debt if you consider the rental business or non-consumer. Yet they are both employed, not self-employed or in business. The unsecured debt is all consumer. So the case doesnt have a business flavor.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>I tried searching the list serve history and I only came up with 3 cases: In re Restea 76 BR 728, which is out of the 9th Circuit, and the seminal consumer/business cases In re Kelly 841 F2d 908 and In re Price 353 F3d 1135, which are close to the issue but do not resolve my issue.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>The operative language of 11 U.S.C. 707(b) defines "consumer debt" as "debt incurred by an individual primarily for a personal, family, or household purpose." The word incurred gives me the greatest pause. They originally incurred it for household purposes. Now theyve moved out with the hope it will give them profit at some point. Is incurred an ongoing concept or limited to its original purpose? It is the past participle of as a result of one's own behavior or actions. They remain subject to it, but it was always capable of repurposing, as their own actions have demonstrated.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>What are your opinions as to whether filing this as a business/non-consumer case is proper or improper?
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>Law Offices of Steven B. Lever
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Steven B. Lever
>>>>>>>>>>( Tel. (562) 436-5456 ext. 6470
>>>>>>>>>>( Fax (800) 360-5161
>>>>>>>>>>* sblever@leverlaw.com
>>>>>>>>>> www.leverlaw.com
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>--
>>>>>>>Robert K. Lee
>>>>>>>State Bar Certified Specialist in Bankruptcy Law
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>LAW OFFICES OF ROBERT K. LEE
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>Managing Attorney
>>>>>>>3435 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1035
>>>>>>>Los Angeles, CA 90010
>>>>>>>Ph 888-777-0839
>>>>>>>Fx 888-777-0849
>>>>>>>www.robertklee.com
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>
>>
>
>
>--
>Giovanni Orantes, Esq.
>Orantes Law Firm, P.C.
>3435 Wilshire Blvd. Suite 1980
>Los Angeles, CA 90010
>Tel: (213) 389-4362
>Fax: (877) 789-5776
>e-mail: go@gobklaw.com
>website: www.gobklaw.com
>
>WE ARE A "DEBT RELIEF AGENCY" AS DEFINED BY FEDERAL LAW.
>
>SERVING BAKERSFIELD, LOS ANGELES, ORANGE COUNTY, RIVERSIDE, SAN BERNARDINO AND SANTA BARBARA.
>
>Note: The information contained in this e-mail message is confidential information intended only for the use of the individual or entity named. If the reader of this message is not the intended recipient or an agent responsible for delivering it to the intended recipient, you
are hereby notified that any dissemination, distribution or copy of this communication is strictly prohibited. If you have received this communication in error, please immediately notify us by telephone or e-mail and delete the original e-mail at (213) 389-4362 or (888) 619-8222.
>
>IRS Circular 230 Disclosure: In order to comply with requirements imposed by the Internal Revenue Service, we inform you that any U.S. tax advice contained in this communication (including any attachments) is not intended to be used, and cannot be used, for the purpose of (i) avoiding penalties under the Internal Revenue Code or (ii) promoting, marketing, or recommending to another party any transaction or matter addressed herein.
>
>

The post was migrated from Yahoo.

Does conversion of home to rental make it a business =

Posted: Mon Mar 12, 2012 8:10 am
by Yahoo Bot

*
*
Thanks, Dennis ! and Lou !
We must all advocate for our clients when appropriate.
____________________
Robert K. Lee, Esq
State Bar Certified Specialist
[Bankruptcy Law]
3435 Wilshire Blvd, Suite 1035
Los Angeles, CA 90010
Ph [888] 777-0839 Ext 505
Fax [888] 777-0849
WEBSITE
On Sun, Mar 11, 2012 at 9:31 PM, Dennis McGoldrick wrote:
> **
>
>
> Peter's view is the majority view. We in CA are required to advocate for
> our clients, so we take the minority view when it is best for our clients.
> Lou Esbin has been our point man in the Central Distict for this issue. He
> convinced a few of the Valley judges that you must read the deed of trust
> to make a determination. Thanks Lou!
>
> d
>
> *From:* P L
> *To:* "cdcbaa@yahoogroups.com"
> *Sent:* Monday, March 5, 2012 11:12 AM
> *Subject:* Re: [cdcbaa] Does conversion of home to rental make it a
> business case --ergo making 707(b) not applicable
>
>
> The rental status of a former debtor's primary residence can
> affect 1322(b)(2). However, the characterization of the debt as consumer
> versus non-consumer is founded in the origination of the debt not the
> current use of the collateral.
>
> Peter M. Lively, JD, MBA
> *The Personal Financial Law Center*
> A-Bankruptcy-Attorney.com
> Culver City (310) 391-2400
>
> *From:* Robert Lee
> *To:* cdcbaa@yahoogroups.com
> *Sent:* Monday, March 5, 2012 11:06 AM
> *Subject:* Re: [cdcbaa] Does conversion of home to rental make it a
> business case --ergo making 707(b) not applicable
>
>
> It is no longer the principal residence. Debtor had to rent it out
> because they could not afford it and was too far from business.
>
>
>
>
> On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 10:59 AM, Giovanni Orantes wrote:
>
> **
>
> I say it cannot be done if the property is still the principal residence
> (and not an income producing property) regardless of how the funds were
> used.
>
> On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 10:46 AM, Robert Lee wrote:
>
> **
>
> So, in this case, its a hybrid. The original first mortgage was
> purchase money. The line of credit was obtained much later after equity
> was built up. The clients actually used the line of credit for business
> purposes [can be proven through transfers and such]. What say you ? We
> would be attempting to do a 506 motion to value and strip away a big
> portion of the 2nd and at the very least, cure the first.
>
>
>
>
> On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 10:40 AM, Leventhal Law Group, P.C. wrote:
>
> **
>
> Their has many many threads on this issue. It goes to the time the debt
> was incurred what was the purpose. I.e. business or personal use.
>
>
> Jonathan Leventhal, esq.
> Leventhal Law Group, P.C.
> 818-347-5800
>
> On Mar 5, 2012, at 10:31 AM, "Robert Lee" wrote:
>
>
> Does anyone have any case law or statutory authority on this ? I can't
> seem to find much on this issue.
>
>
>
>
> On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 7:40 AM, Leventhal Law Group, P.C. wrote:
>
> **
>
> **
>
> No,
>
> Jonathan Leventhal, Esq.
> Leventhal Law Group, P.C.818-347-5800
>
>
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> To: "cdcbaa@yahoogroups.com"
> Sent: 03/05/2012 7:12 AM
> Subject: Re: [cdcbaa] Does conversion of home to rental make it a business case --ergo making 707(b) not applicable
>
>
>
>
> What if the debtor had to move out and rent out the home ? Does that
> convert it from a primary residence to a non-primary ?
>
>
>
>
> On Sun, Mar 4, 2012 at 7:43 PM, Dennis wrote:
>
> **
>
> If the property you are describing is the debtor's residence, no can do.
>
>
> Sent from my iPhone
>
> On Mar 1, 2012, at 3:33 PM, Robert Lee wrote:
>
>
> I have a similar case, but for purposes of trying to lienstrip and cram
> down a mortgage. Clients obtained a large 2nd home equity line of credit.
> It is almost as large as their 1st mortgage. The value is not low enough
> to do a LAM motion in a 13. The 2nd line was used primarily to fund their
> business operations. I am wondering if I can use this to justify a Chapter
> 11 lien strip and cram down and reamortize the loan [assuming other
> requirements of Ch 11 requirements are met]. Also, their business is in LA
> County and home is in SFV. I would think filing in SFV would be better.
> Any sage words of advice ?
>
> On Thu, Mar 1, 2012 at 2:28 PM, Dennis easky1@yahoo.com> wrote:
>
> **
>
> That is the position I take.
>
> D
>
> Sent from my iPhone
>
> On Mar 1, 2012, at 10:20 AM, "Steven B. Lever" sblever@leverlaw.com> wrote:
>
>
> Colleagues:****
> ** **
> I have a client who rented out their former residence and moved to a new
> residence they are renting. They will not pass the means test if Section
> 707(b) applies to them.****
> ** **
> If you include their mortgage on the residence-converted-to-rental, most
> of their debt is business debt if you consider the rental business or
> non-consumer. Yet they are both employed, not self-employed or in
> business. The unsecured debt is all consumer. So the case doesnt have a
> business flavor.****
> ** **
> I tried searching the list serve history and I only came up with 3 cases:
> In re Restea 76 BR 728, which is out of the 9th Circuit, and the seminal
> consumer/business cases In re Kelly 841 F2d 908 and In re Price 353 F3d
> 1135, which are close to the issue but do not resolve my issue.****
> ** **
> The operative language of 11 U.S.C. 707(b) defines "consumer debt" as
> "debt incurred by an individual primarily for a personal, family, or
> household purpose." The word incurred gives me the greatest pause. They
> originally incurred it for household purposes. Now theyve moved out with
> the hope it will give them profit at some point. Is incurred an ongoing
> concept or limited to its original purpose? It is the past participle of
> incur Become subject to (something unwelcome or unpleasant) as a result
> of one's own behavior or actions. They remain subject to it, but it was
> always capable of repurposing, as their own actions have demonstrated.****
> ** **
> What are your opinions as to whether filing this as a
> business/non-consumer case is proper or improper?****
> ** **
> Law Offices of Steven B. Lever****
> >** **
> > Steven B. Lever****
> >( Tel. (562) 436-5456 ext. 6470****
> >( Fax (800) 360-5161****
> >* sblever@leverlaw.com****
> > www.leverlaw.com****
> ** **
>
>
>
>
> --
> Robert K. Lee
> State Bar Certified Specialist in Bankruptcy Law
> LAW OFFICES OF ROBERT K. LEE
> Managing Attorney
> 3435 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1035
> Los Angeles, CA 90010
> Ph 888-777-0839
> Fx 888-777-0849
> www.robertklee.com
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> --
> Giovanni Orantes, Esq.
> Orantes Law Firm, P.C.
> 3435 Wilshire Blvd. Suite 1980
> Los Angeles, CA 90010
> Tel: (213) 389-4362
> Fax: (877) 789-5776
> e-mail: go@gobklaw.com
> website: www.gobklaw.com
>
> WE ARE A "DEBT RELIEF AGENCY" AS DEFINED BY FEDERAL LAW.
>
> SERVING BAKERSFIELD, LOS ANGELES, ORANGE COUNTY, RIVERSIDE, SAN BERNARDINO
> AND SANTA BARBARA.
>
> Note: The information contained in this e-mail message is confidential
> information intended only for the use of the individual or entity named. If
> the reader of this message is not the intended recipient or an agent
> responsible for delivering it to the intended recipient, you are hereby
> notified that any dissemination, distribution or copy of this communication
> is strictly prohibited. If you have received this communication in error,
> please immediately notify us by telephone or e-mail and delete the original
> e-mail at (213) 389-4362 or (888) 619-8222.
>
> IRS Circular 230 Disclosure: In order to comply with requirements imposed
> by the Internal Revenue Service, we inform you that any U.S. tax advice
> contained in this communication (including any attachments) is not intended
> to be used, and cannot be used, for the purpose of (i) avoiding penalties
> under the Internal Revenue Code or (ii) promoting, marketing, or
> recommending to another party any transaction or matter addressed herein.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
Thanks, Dennis ! and Lou !We must all advocate for our clients when appropriate.
____________________Robert K. Lee, EsqState Bar Certified Specialist
[Bankruptcy Law]3435 Wilshire Blvd, Suite 1035Los Angeles, CA 90010
Ph [888] 777-0839 Ext 505Fax [888] 777-0849WEBSITE
On Sun, Mar 11, 2012 at 9:31 PM, Dennis McGoldrick <easky1@yahoo.com> wrote:
The post was migrated from Yahoo.

Does conversion of home to rental make it a business =

Posted: Sun Mar 11, 2012 9:31 pm
by Yahoo Bot

Peter's view is the majority view. We in CA are required to advocate for our clients, so we take the minority view when it is best for our clients. Lou Esbin has been our point man in the Central Distict for this issue. He convinced a few of the Valley judges that you must read the deed of trust to make a determination. Thanks Lou!
d
________________________________
To: "cdcbaa@yahoogroups.com"
Sent: Monday, March 5, 2012 11:12 AM
Subject: Re: [cdcbaa] Does conversion of home to rental make it a business case --ergo making 707(b) not applicable
The rental status of aformerdebtor's primary residencecan affect1322(b)(2). However, the characterization of the debt as consumer versus non-consumer is founded in the origination of the debt not the current use of the collateral.
Peter M. Lively, JD, MBA
The Personal Financial Law Center
A-Bankruptcy-Attorney.com
Culver City (310) 391-2400
________________________________
To: cdcbaa@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Monday, March 5, 2012 11:06 AM
Subject: Re: [cdcbaa] Does conversion of home to rental make it a business case --ergo making 707(b) not applicable
It is no longer the principal residence. Debtor had to rent it out because they could not afford it and was too far from business.
On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 10:59 AM, Giovanni Orantes wrote:
>I say it cannot be done if the property is still the principal residence (and not an income producingproperty)regardless of how the funds were used.
>
>
>On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 10:46 AM, Robert Lee wrote:
>
>
>>So, in this case, its a hybrid. The original first mortgage was purchase money. The line of credit was obtained much later after equity was built up. The clients actually used the line of credit for business purposes [can be proven through transfers and such]. What say you ? We would be attempting to do a 506 motion to value and strip away a big portion of the 2nd and at the very least, cure the first.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 10:40 AM, Leventhal Law Group, P.C. wrote:
>>
>>
>>>Their has many many threads on this issue. It goes to the time the debt was incurred what was the purpose. I.e. business or personal use.
>>>
>>>
>>>Jonathan Leventhal, esq.
>>>Leventhal Law Group, P.C.
>>>818-347-5800
>>>
>>>On Mar 5, 2012, at 10:31 AM, "Robert Lee" wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>>Does anyone have any case law or statutory authority on this ? I can't seem to find much on this issue.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 7:40 AM, Leventhal Law Group, P.C. wrote:
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>>No,Jonathan Leventhal, Esq.Leventhal Law Group, P.C. 818-347- 7:12 AMSubject: Re: [cdcbaa] Does conversion of home to rental make it a business case --ergo making 707(b) not applicable
>>>>>
>>>>>What if the debtor had to move out and rent out the home ? Does that convert it from a primary residence to a non-primary ?
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>On Sun, Mar 4, 2012 at 7:43 PM, Dennis wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>If the property you are describing is the debtor's residence, no can do.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>Sent from my iPhone
>>>>>>
>>>>>>On Mar 1, 2012, at 3:33 PM, Robert Lee wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>>I have a similar case, but for purposes of trying to lienstrip and cram down a mortgage. Clients obtained a large 2nd home equity line of credit. It is almost as large as their 1st mortgage. The value is not low enough to do a LAM motion in a 13. The 2nd line was used primarily to fund their business operations. I am wondering if I can use this to justify a Chapter 11 lien strip and cram down and reamortize the loan [assuming other requirements of Ch 11 requirements are met]. Also, their business is in LA County and home is in SFV. I would think filing in SFV would be better. Any sage words of advice ?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>On Thu, Mar 1, 2012 at 2:28 PM, Dennis wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>That is the position I take.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>D
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>Sent from my iPhone
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>On Mar 1, 2012, at 10:20 AM, "Steven B. Lever" wrote:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>Colleagues:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>I have a client who rented out their former residence and moved to a new residence they are renting. They will not pass the means test if Section 707(b) applies to them.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>If you include their mortgage on the residence-converted-to-rental, most of their debt is business debt if you consider the rental business or non-consumer. Yet they are both employed, not self-employed or in business. The unsecured debt is all consumer. So the case doesnt have a business flavor.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>I tried searching the list serve history and I only came up with 3 cases: In re Restea 76 BR 728, which is out of the 9th Circuit, and the seminal consumer/business cases In re Kelly 841 F2d 908 and In re Price 353 F3d 1135, which are close to the issue but do not resolve my issue.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>The operative language of 11 U.S.C. 707(b) defines "consumer debt" as "debt incurred by an individual primarily for a personal, family, or household purpose." The word incurred gives me the greatest pause. They originally incurred it for household purposes. Now theyve moved out with the hope it will give them profit at some point. Is incurred an ongoing concept or limited to its original purpose? It is the past participle of as a result of one's own behavior or actions. They remain subject to it, but it was always capable of repurposing, as their own actions have demonstrated.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>What are your opinions as to whether filing this as a business/non-consumer case is proper or improper?
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>Law Offices of Steven B. Lever
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Steven B. Lever
>>>>>>>>>>( Tel. (562) 436-5456 ext. 6470
>>>>>>>>>>( Fax (800) 360-5161
>>>>>>>>>>* sblever@leverlaw.com
>>>>>>>>>> www.leverlaw.com
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>--
>>>>>>>Robert K. Lee
>>>>>>>State Bar Certified Specialist in Bankruptcy Law
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>LAW OFFICES OF ROBERT K. LEE
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>Managing Attorney
>>>>>>>3435 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1035
>>>>>>>Los Angeles, CA 90010
>>>>>>>Ph 888-777-0839
>>>>>>>Fx 888-777-0849
>>>>>>>www.robertklee.com
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>
>>
>
>
>--
>Giovanni Orantes, Esq.
>Orantes Law Firm, P.C.
>3435 Wilshire Blvd. Suite 1980
>Los Angeles, CA 90010
>Tel: (213) 389-4362
>Fax: (877) 789-5776
>e-mail: go@gobklaw.com
>website: www.gobklaw.com
>
>WE ARE A "DEBT RELIEF AGENCY" AS DEFINED BY FEDERAL LAW.
>
>SERVING BAKERSFIELD, LOS ANGELES, ORANGE COUNTY, RIVERSIDE, SAN BERNARDINO AND SANTA BARBARA.
>
>Note: The information contained in this e-mail message is confidential information intended only for the use of the individual or entity named. If the reader of this message is not the intended recipient or an agent responsible for delivering it to the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that any dissemination, distribution or copy of this communication is strictly prohibited. If you have received this communication in error, please immediately notify us by telephone or e-mail and delete the original e-mail >
>IRS Circular 230 Disclosure: In order to comply with requirements imposed by the Internal Revenue Service, we inform you that any U.S. tax advice contained in this communication (including any attachments) is not intended to be used, and cannot be used, for the purpose of (i) avoiding penalties under the Internal Revenue Code or (ii) promoting, marketing, or recommending to another party any transaction or matter addressed herein.
>
>

The post was migrated from Yahoo.

Does conversion of home to rental make it a business =

Posted: Mon Mar 05, 2012 11:12 am
by Yahoo Bot

The rental status of aformerdebtor's primary residencecan affect1322(b)(2). However, the characterization of the debt as consumer versus non-consumer is founded in the origination of the debt not the current use of the collateral.
Peter M. Lively, JD, MBA
The Personal Financial Law Center
A-Bankruptcy-Attorney.com
Culver City (310) 391-2400
________________________________
To: cdcbaa@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Monday, March 5, 2012 11:06 AM
Subject: Re: [cdcbaa] Does conversion of home to rental make it a business case --ergo making 707(b) not applicable
It is no longer the principal residence. Debtor had to rent it out because they could not afford it and was too far from business.
On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 10:59 AM, Giovanni Orantes wrote:
>
>I say it cannot be done if the property is still the principal residence (and not an income producingproperty)regardless of how the funds were used.
>
>
>On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 10:46 AM, Robert Lee wrote:
>
>
>>
>>So, in this case, its a hybrid. The original first mortgage was purchase money. The line of credit was obtained much later after equity was built up. The clients actually used the line of credit for business purposes [can be proven through transfers and such]. What say you ? We would be attempting to do a 506 motion to value and strip away a big portion of the 2nd and at the very least, cure the first.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 10:40 AM, Leventhal Law Group, P.C. wrote:
>>
>>
>>>
>>>Their has many many threads on this issue. It goes to the time the debt was incurred what was the purpose. I.e. business or personal use.
>>>
>>>
>>>Jonathan Leventhal, esq.
>>>Leventhal Law Group, P.C.
>>>818-347-5800
>>>
>>>On Mar 5, 2012, at 10:31 AM, "Robert Lee" wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>>Does anyone have any case law or statutory authority on this ? I can't seem to find much on this issue.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 7:40 AM, Leventhal Law Group, P.C. wrote:
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>No, Jonathan Leventhal, Esq.
Leventhal Law Group, P.C. 818-347-5800 ----- Original Message -----
To: "cdcbaa@yahoogroups.com"
Sent: 03/05/2012 7:12 AM
Subject: Re: [cdcbaa] Does conversion of home to rental make it a business case --ergo making 707(b) not applicable
>>>>>
>>>>>What if the debtor had to move out and rent out the home ? Does that convert it from a primary residence to a non-primary ?
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>On Sun, Mar 4, 2012 at 7:43 PM, Dennis wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>If the property you are describing is the debtor's residence, no can do.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>Sent from my iPhone
>>>>>>
>>>>>>On Mar 1, 2012, at 3:33 PM, Robert Lee wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>>I have a similar case, but for purposes of trying to lienstrip and cram down a mortgage. Clients obtained a large 2nd home equity line of credit. It is almost as large as their 1st mortgage. The value is not low enough to do a LAM motion in a 13. The 2nd line was used primarily to fund their business operations. I am wondering if I can use this to justify a Chapter 11 lien strip and cram down and reamortize the loan [assuming other requirements of Ch 11 requirements are met]. Also, their business is in LA County and home is in SFV. I would think filing in SFV would be better. Any sage words of advice ?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>On Thu, Mar 1, 2012 at 2:28 PM, Dennis wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>That is the position I take.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>D
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>Sent from my iPhone
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>On Mar 1, 2012, at 10:20 AM, "Steven B. Lever" wrote:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>Colleagues:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>I have a client who rented out their former residence and moved to a new residence they are renting. They will not pass the means test if Section 707(b) applies to them.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>If you include their mortgage on the residence-converted-to-rental, most of their debt is business debt if you consider the rental business or non-consumer. Yet they are both employed, not self-employed or in business. The unsecured debt is all consumer. So the case doesnt have a business flavor.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>I tried searching the list serve history and I only came up with 3 cases: In re Restea 76 BR 728, which is out of the 9th Circuit, and the seminal consumer/business cases In re Kelly 841 F2d 908 and In re Price 353 F3d 1135, which are close to the issue but do not resolve my issue.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>The operative language of 11 U.S.C. 707(b) defines "consumer debt" as "debt incurred by an individual primarily for a personal, family, or household purpose." The word incurred gives me the greatest pause. They originally incurred it for household purposes. Now theyve moved out with the hope it will give them profit at some point. Is incurred an ongoing concept or limited to its original purpose? It is the past participle of as a result of one's own behavior or actions. They remain subject to it, but it was always capable of repurposing, as their own actions have demonstrated.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>What are your opinions as to whether filing this as a business/non-consumer case is proper or improper?
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>Law Offices of Steven B. Lever
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Steven B. Lever
>>>>>>>>>>( Tel. (562) 436-5456 ext. 6470
>>>>>>>>>>( Fax (800) 360-5161
>>>>>>>>>>* sblever@leverlaw.com
>>>>>>>>>> www.leverlaw.com
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>Robert K. Lee
>>>>>>>State Bar Certified Specialist in Bankruptcy Law
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>LAW OFFICES OF ROBERT K. LEE
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>Managing Attorney
>>>>>>>3435 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1035
>>>>>>>Los Angeles, CA 90010
>>>>>>>Ph 888-777-0839
>>>>>>>Fx 888-777-0849
>>>>>>>www.robertklee.com
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>
>>
>
>
>--
>Giovanni Orantes, Esq.
>Orantes Law Firm, P.C.
>3435 Wilshire Blvd. Suite 1980
>Los Angeles, CA 90010
>Tel: (213) 389-4362
>Fax: (877) 789-5776
>e-mail: go@gobklaw.com
>website: www.gobklaw.com
>
>WE ARE A "DEBT RELIEF AGENCY" AS DEFINED BY FEDERAL LAW.
>
>SERVING BAKERSFIELD, LOS ANGELES, ORANGE COUNTY, RIVERSIDE, SAN BERNARDINO AND SANTA BARBARA.
>
>Note: The information contained in this e-mail message is confidential information intended only for the use of the individual or entity named. If the reader of this message is not the intended recipient or an agent responsible for delivering it to the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that any dissemination, distribution or copy of this communication is strictly prohibited. If you have received this communication in error, please immediately notify us by telephone or e-mail and delete the original e-mail >
>IRS Circular 230 Disclosure: In order to comply with requirements imposed by the Internal Revenue Service, we inform you that any U.S. tax advice contained in this communication (including any attachments) is not intended to be used, and cannot be used, for the purpose of (i) avoiding penalties under the Internal Revenue Code or (ii) promoting, marketing, or recommending to another party any transaction or matter addressed herein.
>
>

The post was migrated from Yahoo.

Does conversion of home to rental make it a business =

Posted: Mon Mar 05, 2012 11:06 am
by Yahoo Bot

It is no longer the principal residence. Debtor had to rent it out because
they could not afford it and was too far from business.
On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 10:59 AM, Giovanni Orantes wrote:
> **
>
>
> I say it cannot be done if the property is still the principal residence
> (and not an income producing property) regardless of how the funds were
> used.
>
> On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 10:46 AM, Robert Lee wrote:
>
>> **
>>
>>
>> So, in this case, its a hybrid. The original first mortgage was purchase
>> money. The line of credit was obtained much later after equity was built
>> up. The clients actually used the line of credit for business purposes
>> [can be proven through transfers and such]. What say you ? We would be
>> attempting to do a 506 motion to value and strip away a big portion of the
>> 2nd and at the very least, cure the first.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 10:40 AM, Leventhal Law Group, P.C. wrote:
>>
>>> **
>>>
>>>
>>> Their has many many threads on this issue. It goes to the time the debt
>>> was incurred what was the purpose. I.e. business or personal use.
>>>
>>>
>>> Jonathan Leventhal, esq.
>>> Leventhal Law Group, P.C.
>>> 818-347-5800
>>>
>>> On Mar 5, 2012, at 10:31 AM, "Robert Lee" wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Does anyone have any case law or statutory authority on this ? I can't
>>> seem to find much on this issue.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 7:40 AM, Leventhal Law Group, P.C. wrote:
>>>
>>>> **
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> **
>>>>
>>>> No,
>>>>
>>>> Jonathan Leventhal, Esq.
>>>> Leventhal Law Group, P.C.818-347-5800
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> ----- Original Message -----
>>>> To: "cdcbaa@yahoogroups.com"
>>>> Sent: 03/05/2012 7:12 AM
>>>> Subject: Re: [cdcbaa] Does conversion of home to rental make it a business case --ergo making 707(b) not applicable
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> What if the debtor had to move out and rent out the home ? Does that
>>>> convert it from a primary residence to a non-primary ?
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> On Sun, Mar 4, 2012 at 7:43 PM, Dennis wrote:
>>>>
>>>>> **
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> If the property you are describing is the debtor's residence, no can
>>>>> do.
>>>>>
>>>>> Sent from my iPhone
>>>>>
>>>>> On Mar 1, 2012, at 3:33 PM, Robert Lee wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> I have a similar case, but for purposes of trying to lienstrip and
>>>>> cram down a mortgage. Clients obtained a large 2nd home equity line of
>>>>> credit. It is almost as large as their 1st mortgage. The value is not low
>>>>> enough to do a LAM motion in a 13. The 2nd line was used primarily to fund
>>>>> their business operations. I am wondering if I can use this to justify a
>>>>> Chapter 11 lien strip and cram down and reamortize the loan [assuming other
>>>>> requirements of Ch 11 requirements are met]. Also, their business is in LA
>>>>> County and home is in SFV. I would think filing in SFV would be better.
>>>>> Any sage words of advice ?
>>>>>
>>>>> On Thu, Mar 1, 2012 at 2:28 PM, Dennis >>>> easky1@yahoo.com> wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>> **
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> That is the position I take.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> D
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Sent from my iPhone
>>>>>>
>>>>>> On Mar 1, 2012, at 10:20 AM, "Steven B. Lever" >>>>> sblever@leverlaw.com> wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Colleagues:****
>>>>>>
>>>>>> ** **
>>>>>>
>>>>>> I have a client who rented out their former residence and moved to a
>>>>>> new residence they are renting. They will not pass the means test if
>>>>>> Section 707(b) applies to them.****
>>>>>>
>>>>>> ** **
>>>>>>
>>>>>> If you include their mortgage on the residence-converted-to-rental,
>>>>>> most of their debt is business debt if you consider the rental business or
>>>>>> non-consumer. Yet they are both employed, not self-employed or in
>>>>>> business. The unsecured debt is all consumer. So the case doesnt have a
>>>>>> business flavor.****
>>>>>>
>>>>>> ** **
>>>>>>
>>>>>> I tried searching the list serve history and I only came up with 3
>>>>>> cases: In re Restea 76 BR 728, which is out of the 9th Circuit, and
>>>>>> the seminal consumer/business cases In re Kelly 841 F2d 908 and In re
>>>>>> Price 353 F3d 1135, which are close to the issue but do not resolve my
>>>>>> issue.****
>>>>>>
>>>>>> ** **
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The operative language of 11 U.S.C. 707(b) defines "consumer debt"
>>>>>> as "debt incurred by an individual primarily for a personal, family, or
>>>>>> household purpose." The word incurred gives me the greatest pause. They
>>>>>> originally incurred it for household purposes. Now theyve moved out with
>>>>>> the hope it will give them profit at some point. Is incurred an ongoing
>>>>>> concept or limited to its original purpose? It is the past participle of
>>>>>> incur Become subject to (something unwelcome or unpleasant) as a
>>>>>> result of one's own behavior or actions. They remain subject to it,
>>>>>> but it was always capable of repurposing, as their own actions have
>>>>>> demonstrated.****
>>>>>>
>>>>>> ** **
>>>>>>
>>>>>> What are your opinions as to whether filing this as a
>>>>>> business/non-consumer case is proper or improper?****
>>>>>>
>>>>>> ** **
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Law Offices of Steven B. Lever****
>>>>>>
>>>>>> >** **
>>>>>>
>>>>>> > Steven B. Lever****
>>>>>>
>>>>>> >( Tel. (562) 436-5456 ext. 6470****
>>>>>>
>>>>>> >( Fax (800) 360-5161****
>>>>>>
>>>>>> >* sblever@leverlaw.com****
>>>>>>
>>>>>> > www.leverlaw.com****
>>>>>>
>>>>>> ** **
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> --
>>>>> Robert K. Lee
>>>>> State Bar Certified Specialist in Bankruptcy Law
>>>>> LAW OFFICES OF ROBERT K. LEE
>>>>> Managing Attorney
>>>>> 3435 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1035
>>>>> Los Angeles, CA 90010
>>>>> Ph 888-777-0839
>>>>> Fx 888-777-0849
>>>>> www.robertklee.com
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>
>
>
> --
> Giovanni Orantes, Esq.
> Orantes Law Firm, P.C.
> 3435 Wilshire Blvd. Suite 1980
> Los Angeles, CA 90010
> Tel: (213) 389-4362
> Fax: (877) 789-5776
> e-mail: go@gobklaw.com
> website: www.gobklaw.com
>
> WE ARE A "DEBT RELIEF AGENCY" AS DEFINED BY FEDERAL LAW.
>
> SERVING BAKERSFIELD, LOS ANGELES, ORANGE COUNTY, RIVERSIDE, SAN BERNARDINO
> AND SANTA BARBARA.
>
> Note: The information contained in this e-mail message is confidential
> information intended only for the use of the individual or entity named. If
> the reader of this message is not the intended recipient or an agent
> responsible for delivering it to the intended recipient, you are hereby
> notified that any dissemination, distribution or copy of this communication
> is strictly prohibited. If you have received this communication in error,
> please immediately notify us by telephone or e-mail and delete the original
> e-mail at (213) 389-4362 or (888) 619-8222.
>
> IRS Circular 230 Disclosure: In order to comply with requirements imposed
> by the Internal Revenue Service, we inform you that any U.S. tax advice
> contained in this communication (including any attachments) is not intended
> to be used, and cannot be used, for the purpose of (i) avoiding penalties
> under the Internal Revenue Code or (ii) promoting, marketing, or
> recommending to another party any transaction or matter addressed herein.
>
>
>
It is no longer the principal residence. Debtor had to rent it out because they could not afford it and was too far from business.
On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 10:59 AM, Giovanni Orantes <go@gobklaw.com> wrote:
I say it cannot be done if the property is still the principal residence (and not an income producingproperty)regardless of how the funds were used.On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 10:46 AM, Robert Lee <boblee.rkl@gmail.com> wrote:
So, in this case, its a hybrid. The original first mortgage was purchase money. The line of credit was obtained much later after equity was built up. The clients actually used the line of credit for business purposes [can be proven through transfers and such]. What say you ? We would be attempting to do a 506 motion to value and strip away a big portion of the 2nd and at the very least, cure the first.
On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 10:40 AM, Leventhal Law Group, P.C. <law@3yl.com> wrote:
The post was migrated from Yahoo.

Does conversion of home to rental make it a business =

Posted: Mon Mar 05, 2012 10:59 am
by Yahoo Bot

I say it cannot be done if the property is still the principal residence
(and not an income producing property) regardless of how the funds were
used.
On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 10:46 AM, Robert Lee wrote:
> **
>
>
> So, in this case, its a hybrid. The original first mortgage was purchase
> money. The line of credit was obtained much later after equity was built
> up. The clients actually used the line of credit for business purposes
> [can be proven through transfers and such]. What say you ? We would be
> attempting to do a 506 motion to value and strip away a big portion of the
> 2nd and at the very least, cure the first.
>
>
>
>
> On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 10:40 AM, Leventhal Law Group, P.C. wrote:
>
>> **
>>
>>
>> Their has many many threads on this issue. It goes to the time the debt
>> was incurred what was the purpose. I.e. business or personal use.
>>
>>
>> Jonathan Leventhal, esq.
>> Leventhal Law Group, P.C.
>> 818-347-5800
>>
>> On Mar 5, 2012, at 10:31 AM, "Robert Lee" wrote:
>>
>>
>>
>> Does anyone have any case law or statutory authority on this ? I can't
>> seem to find much on this issue.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 7:40 AM, Leventhal Law Group, P.C. wrote:
>>
>>> **
>>>
>>>
>>> **
>>>
>>> No,
>>>
>>> Jonathan Leventhal, Esq.
>>> Leventhal Law Group, P.C.818-347-5800
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> ----- Original Message -----
>>> To: "cdcbaa@yahoogroups.com"
>>> Sent: 03/05/2012 7:12 AM
>>> Subject: Re: [cdcbaa] Does conversion of home to rental make it a business case --ergo making 707(b) not applicable
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> What if the debtor had to move out and rent out the home ? Does that
>>> convert it from a primary residence to a non-primary ?
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> On Sun, Mar 4, 2012 at 7:43 PM, Dennis wrote:
>>>
>>>> **
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> If the property you are describing is the debtor's residence, no can
>>>> do.
>>>>
>>>> Sent from my iPhone
>>>>
>>>> On Mar 1, 2012, at 3:33 PM, Robert Lee wrote:
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> I have a similar case, but for purposes of trying to lienstrip and cram
>>>> down a mortgage. Clients obtained a large 2nd home equity line of credit.
>>>> It is almost as large as their 1st mortgage. The value is not low enough
>>>> to do a LAM motion in a 13. The 2nd line was used primarily to fund their
>>>> business operations. I am wondering if I can use this to justify a Chapter
>>>> 11 lien strip and cram down and reamortize the loan [assuming other
>>>> requirements of Ch 11 requirements are met]. Also, their business is in LA
>>>> County and home is in SFV. I would think filing in SFV would be better.
>>>> Any sage words of advice ?
>>>>
>>>> On Thu, Mar 1, 2012 at 2:28 PM, Dennis >>> easky1@yahoo.com> wrote:
>>>>
>>>>> **
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> That is the position I take.
>>>>>
>>>>> D
>>>>>
>>>>> Sent from my iPhone
>>>>>
>>>>> On Mar 1, 2012, at 10:20 AM, "Steven B. Lever" >>>> sblever@leverlaw.com> wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> Colleagues:****
>>>>>
>>>>> ** **
>>>>>
>>>>> I have a client who rented out their former residence and moved to a
>>>>> new residence they are renting. They will not pass the means test if
>>>>> Section 707(b) applies to them.****
>>>>>
>>>>> ** **
>>>>>
>>>>> If you include their mortgage on the residence-converted-to-rental,
>>>>> most of their debt is business debt if you consider the rental business or
>>>>> non-consumer. Yet they are both employed, not self-employed or in
>>>>> business. The unsecured debt is all consumer. So the case doesnt have a
>>>>> business flavor.****
>>>>>
>>>>> ** **
>>>>>
>>>>> I tried searching the list serve history and I only came up with 3
>>>>> cases: In re Restea 76 BR 728, which is out of the 9th Circuit, and
>>>>> the seminal consumer/business cases In re Kelly 841 F2d 908 and In re
>>>>> Price 353 F3d 1135, which are close to the issue but do not resolve my
>>>>> issue.****
>>>>>
>>>>> ** **
>>>>>
>>>>> The operative language of 11 U.S.C. 707(b) defines "consumer debt"
>>>>> as "debt incurred by an individual primarily for a personal, family, or
>>>>> household purpose." The word incurred gives me the greatest pause. They
>>>>> originally incurred it for household purposes. Now theyve moved out with
>>>>> the hope it will give them profit at some point. Is incurred an ongoing
>>>>> concept or limited to its original purpose? It is the past participle of
>>>>> incur Become subject to (something unwelcome or unpleasant) as a
>>>>> result of one's own behavior or actions. They remain subject to it,
>>>>> but it was always capable of repurposing, as their own actions have
>>>>> demonstrated.****
>>>>>
>>>>> ** **
>>>>>
>>>>> What are your opinions as to whether filing this as a
>>>>> business/non-consumer case is proper or improper?****
>>>>>
>>>>> ** **
>>>>>
>>>>> Law Offices of Steven B. Lever****
>>>>>
>>>>> >** **
>>>>>
>>>>> > Steven B. Lever****
>>>>>
>>>>> >( Tel. (562) 436-5456 ext. 6470****
>>>>>
>>>>> >( Fax (800) 360-5161****
>>>>>
>>>>> >* sblever@leverlaw.com****
>>>>>
>>>>> > www.leverlaw.com****
>>>>>
>>>>> ** **
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> --
>>>> Robert K. Lee
>>>> State Bar Certified Specialist in Bankruptcy Law
>>>> LAW OFFICES OF ROBERT K. LEE
>>>> Managing Attorney
>>>> 3435 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1035
>>>> Los Angeles, CA 90010
>>>> Ph 888-777-0839
>>>> Fx 888-777-0849
>>>> www.robertklee.com
>>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>
>
>
Giovanni Orantes, Esq.
Orantes Law Firm, P.C.
3435 Wilshire Blvd. Suite 1980
Los Angeles, CA 90010
Tel: (213) 389-4362
Fax: (877) 789-5776
e-mail: go@gobklaw.com
website: www.gobklaw.com
WE ARE A "DEBT RELIEF AGENCY" AS DEFINED BY FEDERAL LAW.
SERVING BAKERSFIELD, LOS ANGELES, ORANGE COUNTY, RIVERSIDE, SAN BERNARDINO
AND SANTA BARBARA.
Note: The information contained in this e-mail message is confidential
information intended only for the use of the individual or entity named. If
the reader of this message is not the intended recipient or an agent
responsible for delivering it to the intended recipient, you are hereby
notified that any dissemination, distribution or copy of this communication
is strictly prohibited. If you have received this communication in error,
please immediately notify us by telephone or e-mail and delete the original
e-mail at (213) 389-4362 or (888) 619-8222.
IRS Circular 230 Disclosure: In order to comply with requirements imposed
by the Internal Revenue Service, we inform you that any U.S. tax advice
contained in this communication (including any attachments) is not intended
to be used, and cannot be used, for the purpose of (i) avoiding penalties
under the Internal Revenue Code or (ii) promoting, marketing, or
recommending to another party any transaction or matter addressed herein.
I say it cannot be done if the property is still the principal residence (and not an income producingproperty)regardless of how the funds were used.On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 10:46 AM, Robert Lee <boblee.rkl@gmail.com> wrote:

The post was migrated from Yahoo.

Does conversion of home to rental make it a business =

Posted: Mon Mar 05, 2012 10:46 am
by Yahoo Bot

So, in this case, its a hybrid. The original first mortgage was purchase
money. The line of credit was obtained much later after equity was built
up. The clients actually used the line of credit for business purposes
[can be proven through transfers and such]. What say you ? We would be
attempting to do a 506 motion to value and strip away a big portion of the
2nd and at the very least, cure the first.
On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 10:40 AM, Leventhal Law Group, P.C. wrote:
> **
>
>
> Their has many many threads on this issue. It goes to the time the debt
> was incurred what was the purpose. I.e. business or personal use.
>
>
> Jonathan Leventhal, esq.
> Leventhal Law Group, P.C.
> 818-347-5800
>
> On Mar 5, 2012, at 10:31 AM, "Robert Lee" wrote:
>
>
>
> Does anyone have any case law or statutory authority on this ? I can't
> seem to find much on this issue.
>
>
>
>
> On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 7:40 AM, Leventhal Law Group, P.C. wrote:
>
>> **
>>
>>
>> **
>>
>> No,
>>
>> Jonathan Leventhal, Esq.
>> Leventhal Law Group, P.C.818-347-5800
>>
>>
>>
>> ----- Original Message -----
>> To: "cdcbaa@yahoogroups.com"
>> Sent: 03/05/2012 7:12 AM
>> Subject: Re: [cdcbaa] Does conversion of home to rental make it a business case --ergo making 707(b) not applicable
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> What if the debtor had to move out and rent out the home ? Does that
>> convert it from a primary residence to a non-primary ?
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> On Sun, Mar 4, 2012 at 7:43 PM, Dennis wrote:
>>
>>> **
>>>
>>>
>>> If the property you are describing is the debtor's residence, no can do.
>>>
>>>
>>> Sent from my iPhone
>>>
>>> On Mar 1, 2012, at 3:33 PM, Robert Lee wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> I have a similar case, but for purposes of trying to lienstrip and cram
>>> down a mortgage. Clients obtained a large 2nd home equity line of credit.
>>> It is almost as large as their 1st mortgage. The value is not low enough
>>> to do a LAM motion in a 13. The 2nd line was used primarily to fund their
>>> business operations. I am wondering if I can use this to justify a Chapter
>>> 11 lien strip and cram down and reamortize the loan [assuming other
>>> requirements of Ch 11 requirements are met]. Also, their business is in LA
>>> County and home is in SFV. I would think filing in SFV would be better.
>>> Any sage words of advice ?
>>>
>>> On Thu, Mar 1, 2012 at 2:28 PM, Dennis >> easky1@yahoo.com> wrote:
>>>
>>>> **
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> That is the position I take.
>>>>
>>>> D
>>>>
>>>> Sent from my iPhone
>>>>
>>>> On Mar 1, 2012, at 10:20 AM, "Steven B. Lever" >>> sblever@leverlaw.com> wrote:
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Colleagues:****
>>>>
>>>> ** **
>>>>
>>>> I have a client who rented out their former residence and moved to a
>>>> new residence they are renting. They will not pass the means test if
>>>> Section 707(b) applies to them.****
>>>>
>>>> ** **
>>>>
>>>> If you include their mortgage on the residence-converted-to-rental,
>>>> most of their debt is business debt if you consider the rental business or
>>>> non-consumer. Yet they are both employed, not self-employed or in
>>>> business. The unsecured debt is all consumer. So the case doesnt have a
>>>> business flavor.****
>>>>
>>>> ** **
>>>>
>>>> I tried searching the list serve history and I only came up with 3
>>>> cases: In re Restea 76 BR 728, which is out of the 9th Circuit, and
>>>> the seminal consumer/business cases In re Kelly 841 F2d 908 and In re
>>>> Price 353 F3d 1135, which are close to the issue but do not resolve my
>>>> issue.****
>>>>
>>>> ** **
>>>>
>>>> The operative language of 11 U.S.C. 707(b) defines "consumer debt" as
>>>> "debt incurred by an individual primarily for a personal, family, or
>>>> household purpose." The word incurred gives me the greatest pause. They
>>>> originally incurred it for household purposes. Now theyve moved out with
>>>> the hope it will give them profit at some point. Is incurred an ongoing
>>>> concept or limited to its original purpose? It is the past participle of
>>>> incur Become subject to (something unwelcome or unpleasant) as a
>>>> result of one's own behavior or actions. They remain subject to it,
>>>> but it was always capable of repurposing, as their own actions have
>>>> demonstrated.****
>>>>
>>>> ** **
>>>>
>>>> What are your opinions as to whether filing this as a
>>>> business/non-consumer case is proper or improper?****
>>>>
>>>> ** **
>>>>
>>>> Law Offices of Steven B. Lever****
>>>>
>>>> >** **
>>>>
>>>> > Steven B. Lever****
>>>>
>>>> >( Tel. (562) 436-5456 ext. 6470****
>>>>
>>>> >( Fax (800) 360-5161****
>>>>
>>>> >* sblever@leverlaw.com****
>>>>
>>>> > www.leverlaw.com****
>>>>
>>>> ** **
>>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> --
>>> Robert K. Lee
>>> State Bar Certified Specialist in Bankruptcy Law
>>> LAW OFFICES OF ROBERT K. LEE
>>> Managing Attorney
>>> 3435 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1035
>>> Los Angeles, CA 90010
>>> Ph 888-777-0839
>>> Fx 888-777-0849
>>> www.robertklee.com
>>>
>>>
>>
>
>
So, in this case, its a hybrid. The original first mortgage was purchase money. The line of credit was obtained much later after equity was built up. The clients actually used the line of credit for business purposes [can be proven through transfers and such]. What say you ? We would be attempting to do a 506 motion to value and strip away a big portion of the 2nd and at the very least, cure the first.
On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 10:40 AM, Leventhal Law Group, P.C. <law@3yl.com> wrote:
The post was migrated from Yahoo.

Does conversion of home to rental make it a business =

Posted: Mon Mar 05, 2012 10:31 am
by Yahoo Bot

Does anyone have any case law or statutory authority on this ? I can't
seem to find much on this issue.
On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 7:40 AM, Leventhal Law Group, P.C. wrote:
> **
>
>
> **
>
> No,
>
> Jonathan Leventhal, Esq.
> Leventhal Law Group, P.C.818-347-5800
>
>
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> To: "cdcbaa@yahoogroups.com"
> Sent: 03/05/2012 7:12 AM
> Subject: Re: [cdcbaa] Does conversion of home to rental make it a business case --ergo making 707(b) not applicable
>
>
>
>
>
> What if the debtor had to move out and rent out the home ? Does that
> convert it from a primary residence to a non-primary ?
>
>
>
>
> On Sun, Mar 4, 2012 at 7:43 PM, Dennis wrote:
>
>> **
>>
>>
>> If the property you are describing is the debtor's residence, no can do.
>>
>> Sent from my iPhone
>>
>> On Mar 1, 2012, at 3:33 PM, Robert Lee wrote:
>>
>>
>>
>> I have a similar case, but for purposes of trying to lienstrip and cram
>> down a mortgage. Clients obtained a large 2nd home equity line of credit.
>> It is almost as large as their 1st mortgage. The value is not low enough
>> to do a LAM motion in a 13. The 2nd line was used primarily to fund their
>> business operations. I am wondering if I can use this to justify a Chapter
>> 11 lien strip and cram down and reamortize the loan [assuming other
>> requirements of Ch 11 requirements are met]. Also, their business is in LA
>> County and home is in SFV. I would think filing in SFV would be better.
>> Any sage words of advice ?
>>
>> On Thu, Mar 1, 2012 at 2:28 PM, Dennis > easky1@yahoo.com> wrote:
>>
>>> **
>>>
>>>
>>> That is the position I take.
>>>
>>> D
>>>
>>> Sent from my iPhone
>>>
>>> On Mar 1, 2012, at 10:20 AM, "Steven B. Lever" >> sblever@leverlaw.com> wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Colleagues:****
>>>
>>> ** **
>>>
>>> I have a client who rented out their former residence and moved to a new
>>> residence they are renting. They will not pass the means test if Section
>>> 707(b) applies to them.****
>>>
>>> ** **
>>>
>>> If you include their mortgage on the residence-converted-to-rental, most
>>> of their debt is business debt if you consider the rental business or
>>> non-consumer. Yet they are both employed, not self-employed or in
>>> business. The unsecured debt is all consumer. So the case doesnt have a
>>> business flavor.****
>>>
>>> ** **
>>>
>>> I tried searching the list serve history and I only came up with 3
>>> cases: In re Restea 76 BR 728, which is out of the 9th Circuit, and
>>> the seminal consumer/business cases In re Kelly 841 F2d 908 and In re
>>> Price 353 F3d 1135, which are close to the issue but do not resolve my
>>> issue.****
>>>
>>> ** **
>>>
>>> The operative language of 11 U.S.C. 707(b) defines "consumer debt" as
>>> "debt incurred by an individual primarily for a personal, family, or
>>> household purpose." The word incurred gives me the greatest pause. They
>>> originally incurred it for household purposes. Now theyve moved out with
>>> the hope it will give them profit at some point. Is incurred an ongoing
>>> concept or limited to its original purpose? It is the past participle of
>>> incur Become subject to (something unwelcome or unpleasant) as a
>>> result of one's own behavior or actions. They remain subject to it,
>>> but it was always capable of repurposing, as their own actions have
>>> demonstrated.****
>>>
>>> ** **
>>>
>>> What are your opinions as to whether filing this as a
>>> business/non-consumer case is proper or improper?****
>>>
>>> ** **
>>>
>>> Law Offices of Steven B. Lever****
>>>
>>> >** **
>>>
>>> > Steven B. Lever****
>>>
>>> >( Tel. (562) 436-5456 ext. 6470****
>>>
>>> >( Fax (800) 360-5161****
>>>
>>> >* sblever@leverlaw.com****
>>>
>>> > www.leverlaw.com****
>>>
>>> ** **
>>>
>>>
>>
>>
>> --
>> Robert K. Lee
>> State Bar Certified Specialist in Bankruptcy Law
>> LAW OFFICES OF ROBERT K. LEE
>> Managing Attorney
>> 3435 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1035
>> Los Angeles, CA 90010
>> Ph 888-777-0839
>> Fx 888-777-0849
>> www.robertklee.com
>>
>>
>
>
Does anyone have any case law or statutory authority on this ? I can't seem to find much on this issue.
On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 7:40 AM, Leventhal Law Group, P.C. <law@3yl.com> wrote:
No,
Jonathan Leventhal, Esq.
Leventhal Law Group, P.C.
818-347-5800
nk">boblee.rkl@gmail.com>
To: "cdcbaa@yahoogroups.com" <cdcbaa@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: 03/05/2012 7:12 AM
Subject: Re: [cdcbaa] Does conversion of home to rental make it a business case --ergo making 707(b) not applicable
What if the debtor had to move out and rent out the home ? Does that convert it from a primary residence to a non-primary ?
On Sun, Mar 4, 2012 at 7:43 PM, Dennis
The post was migrated from Yahoo.

Does conversion of home to rental make it a business =

Posted: Mon Mar 05, 2012 7:43 am
by Yahoo Bot

Jonathan,
Are you able to access ECF this morning?
Kenneth Jay Schwartz, Esq.
LAW OFFICE OF KENNETH JAY SCHWARTZ
21031 Ventura Boulevard, Suite 640
Woodland Hills, California 91364-2226
Telephone: (818) 226-1205
Facsimile : (818) 226-1213
THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS E-MAIL IS INTENDED ONLY FOR THE PERSONAL AND
CONFIDENTIAL USE OF THE DESIGNATED RECIPIENT(S) NAMED ABOVE. THIS MESSAGE MAY
BE AN ATTORNEY-CLIENT COMMUNICATION, AND, AS SUCH, IS PRIVILEGED AND
CONFIDENTIAL. IF THE READER OF THIS MESSAGE IS NOT THE INTENDED RECIPIENT OR AN
AGENT RESPONSIBLE FOR DELIVERING IT TO THE DESIGNATED RECIPIENT, YOU ARE HEREBY
NOTIFIED THAT YOU HAVE RECEIVED THIS E-MAIL IN ERROR, AND THAT ANY REVIEW,DISSEMINATION, DISTRIBUTION OR COPYING OF THIS MESSAGE IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED.
IF YOU HAVE RECEIVED THIS COMMUNICATION IN ERROR, PLEASE NOTIFY US IMMEDIATELY.
THANK YOU.
________________________________
To: "cdcbaa@yahoogroups.com"
Sent: Mon, March 5, 2012 7:40:20 AM
Subject: RE: [cdcbaa] Does conversion of home to rental make it a business case
No, Jonathan Leventhal, Esq. Leventhal Law Group, P.C. 818-347-5800 ---"cdcbaa@yahoogroups.com" Sent: 03/05/2012 7:12 AMSubject: Re: [cdcbaa] Does conversion of home to rental make it a business case
What if the debtor had to move out and rent out the home ? Does that convert it
from a primary residence to a non-primary ?
On Sun, Mar 4, 2012 at 7:43 PM, Dennis wrote:
>
>If the property you are describing is the debtor's residence, no can do. >
>Sent from my iPhone
>
>On Mar 1, 2012, at 3:33 PM, Robert Lee wrote:
>
>
>
>>I have a similar case, but for purposes of trying to lienstrip and cram down a
>>mortgage. Clients obtained a large 2nd home equity line of credit. It is
>>almost as large as their 1st mortgage. The value is not low enough to do a LAM
>>motion in a 13. The 2nd line was used primarily to fund their business>>operations. I am wondering if I can use this to justify a Chapter 11 lien strip
>>and cram down and reamortize the loan [assuming other requirements of Ch 11
>>requirements are met]. Also, their business is in LA County and home is in
>>SFV. I would think filing in SFV would be better. Any sage words of advice ?
>>
>>
>>On Thu, Mar 1, 2012 at 2:28 PM, Dennis wrote:
>>
>>
>>>
>>>That is the position I take.
>>>
>>>
>>>D
>>>
>>>Sent from my iPhone
>>>
>>>On Mar 1, 2012, at 10:20 AM, "Steven B. Lever" wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>>Colleagues:
>>>>
>>>>I have a client who rented out their former residence and moved to a new
>>>>residence they are renting. They will not pass the means test if Section 707(b)
>>>>applies to them.
>>>>
>>>>If you include their mortgage on the residence-converted-to-rental, most of
>>>>their debt is business debt if you consider the rental business or
>>>>non-consumer. Yet they are both employed, not self-employed or in business.
>>>>The unsecured debt is all consumer. So the case doesnt have a business
>>>>flavor.
>>>>
>>>>I tried searching the list serve history and I only came up with 3 cases: In re
>>>>Restea 76 BR 728, which is out of the 9th Circuit, and the seminal
>>>>consumer/business cases In re Kelly 841 F2d 908 and In re Price 353 F3d 1135,
>>>>which are close to the issue but do not resolve my issue.
>>>>
>>>>The operative language of 11 U.S.C. 707(b) defines "consumer debt" as "debt
>>>>incurred by an individual primarily for a personal, family, or household
>>>>purpose." The word incurred gives me the greatest pause. They originally
>>>>incurred it for household purposes. Now theyve moved out with the hope it will
>>>>give them profit at some point. Is incurred an ongoing concept or limited to
>>>>its original purpose? It is the past participle of incur>>>>(something unwelcome or unpleasant) as a result of one's own behavior or
>>>>actions. They remain subject to it, but it was always capable of repurposing,
>>>>as their own actions have demonstrated.
>>>>
>>>>What are your opinions as to whether filing this as a business/non-consumer case
>>>>is proper or improper?
>>>>
>>>>Law Offices of Steven B. Lever
>>>>>
>>>>> Steven B. Lever
>>>>>( Tel. (562) 436-5456 ext. 6470
>>>>>( Fax (800) 360-5161
>>>>>* sblever@leverlaw.com
>>>>> www.leverlaw.com
>>>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>Robert K. Lee
>>State Bar Certified Specialist in Bankruptcy Law
>>
>>LAW OFFICES OF ROBERT K. LEE
>>
>>Managing Attorney
>>3435 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1035
>>Los Angeles, CA 90010
>>Ph 888-777-0839
>>Fx 888-777-0849
>>www.robertklee.com
>>
Jonathan,Are you able to access ECF this morning? Kenneth Jay Schwartz, Esq.LAW OFFICE OF KENNETH JAY SCHWARTZ21031 Ventura Boulevard, Suite 640Woodland Hills, California 91364-2226Telephone: (818) 226-1205Facsimile : (818) 226-1213THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS E-MAIL IS INTENDED ONLY FOR THE PERSONAL AND CONFIDENTIAL USE OF THE DESIGNATED RECIPIENT(S) NAMED ABOVE. THIS MESSAGE MAY BE AN ATTORNEY-CLIENT COMMUNICATION, AND, AS SUCH, IS PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL. IF THE READER OF THIS MESSAGE IS NOT THE INTENDED RECIPIENT OR AN AGENT RESPONSIBLE FOR DELIVERING IT TO THE DESIGNATED RECIPIENT, YOU ARE HEREBY NOTIFIED THAT YOU HAVE RECEIVED THIS E-MAIL IN ERROR, AND THAT ANY REVIEW, DISSEMINATION,
DISTRIBUTION OR COPYING OF THIS MESSAGE IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED. IF YOU HAVE RECEIVED THIS COMMUNICATION IN ERROR, PLEASE NOTIFY US IMMEDIATELY. THANK YOU.From: "Leventhal Law Group, P.C." <law@3yl.com>To: "cdcbaa@yahoogroups.com" <cdcbaa@yahoogroups.com>Sent: Mon, March 5, 2012 7:40:20 AMSubject: RE: [cdcbaa] Does conversion of home to rental make it a business case --ergo making 707(b) not applicable

No,
Jonathan Leventhal, Esq.
Leventhal Law Group, P.C.
818-347-5800
To: "cdcbaa@yahoogroups.com" <cdcbaa@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: 03/05/2012 7:12 AM
Subject: Re: [cdcbaa] Does conversion of home to rental make it a business case --ergo making 707(b) not applicable

What if the debtor had to move out and rent out the home ? Does that convert it from a primary residence to a non-primary ?
On Sun, Mar 4, 2012 at 7:43 PM, Dennis wrote:

If the property you are describing is the debtor's residence, no can do.
Sent from my iPhone
On Mar 1, 2012, at 3:33 PM, Robert Lee <boblee.rkl@gmail.com> wrote:

I have a similar case, but for purposes of trying to lienstrip and cram down a mortgage. Clients obtained a large 2nd home equity line of credit. It is almost as large as their 1st mortgage. The value is not low enough to do a LAM motion in a 13. The
2nd line was used primarily to fund their business operations. I am wondering if I can use this to justify a Chapter 11 lien strip and cram down and reamortize the loan [assuming other requirements of Ch 11 requirements are met]. Also, their business is
in LA County and home is in SFV. I would think filing in SFV would be better. Any sage words of advice ?
On Thu, Mar 1, 2012 at 2:28 PM, Dennis easky1@yahoo.com> wrote:

That is the position I take.
D
Sent from my iPhone
On Mar 1, 2012, at 10:20 AM, "Steven B. Lever" <sblever@leverlaw.com> wrote:

Colleagues:

I have a client who rented out their former residence and moved to a new residence they are renting. They will not pass the means test if Section 707(b) applies to them.

If you include their mortgage on the residence-converted-to-rental, most of their debt is business debt if you consider the rental business or non-consumer. Yet they
are both employed, not self-employed or in business. The unsecured debt is all consumer. So the case doesnt have a business
I tried searching the list serve history and I only came up with 3 cases: In re Restea 76 BR 728, which is out of the 9th Circuit, and the seminal consumer/business
cases In re Kelly 841 F2d 908 and In re Price 353 F3d 1135, which are close to the issue but do not resolve my issue.

The operative language of 11 U.S.C. 707(b) defines "consumer debt" as "debt incurred by an individual primarily for a personal, family, or household purpose." The
word incurred gives me the greatest pause. They originally incurred it for household purposes. Now theyve moved out with the hope it will give them profit at some point. Is It is the
past participle of incur Become subject to (something unwelcome or unpleasant) as a result of one's own behavior or actions.
They remain subject to it, but it was always capable of repurposing, as their own actions have demonstrated.

What are your opinions as to whether filing this as a business/non-consumer case is proper or improper?

Law Offices of Steven B. Lever
>
> Steven B. Lever
>
The post was migrated from Yahoo.